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Moshe Shalit
Moshe Shalit, also Moses, Moyshe, Moishé, Moïsé Salitas (December 22, 1885, Vilna, Russia (present-day Vilnius, Lithuania), d. July 19, 1941, Wilno, Poland (present-day Vilnius, Lithuania) ), was a researcher, journalist, essayist, ethnographer, and humanist of the inter-war period.
Shalit devoted himself to the promotion of Yiddish language and of literature in a spirit of openness and intercultural exchange. Shalit was an active member of the Jewish Scientific Institute, YIVO, which became the Yiddish Institute for Jewish Research. He was murdered by the Nazis in one of the large massacres in Wilno.〔Henri Minczeles. ''Vilna, Wilno, Vilnius, la Jérusalem de Lituanie''. La Découverte et Syros, 2000. Pages 375-390.〕
==Youth==
Growing up without a father, Shalit quickly became a recognized cultural activist in the Jewish socialist movement. He attended college several years in Koenigsburg. While he was arrested on several times and was a victim of police repression, he did not quit his studies. In fact, he devoted himself to his overflowing creative activity.〔H. Minczeles, p. 286.〕 During the First World War, he worked with several newspapers in Vilna. He wrote monographs, book reviews and articles in many Yiddish language publications, which were abundant at the beginning of the 20th century. Shalit travelled greatly; in 1914 he went to America, continuing to publish and spending a lot of his effort in the social-educational domain. During the German occupation, he founded a Yiddish-language Jewish school. Among other responsibilities, he was administrator of the people's university, and president of the Historical Commission. In 1918, he became general secretary of the committee for organising the first democratic Jewish assembly in Vilna.〔''Leben,'' artistic and literary review founded by Shalit, VII-VIII. December 1920.〕 The Russian Jewish writer and ethnographer S. Anski was a member of the steering committee. However, antisemitism raged. On April 19, 1919, the Polish Army (joined by volunteers) penetrated Vilna to restore Polish supremacy relative to the Russo-Soviets and to some extent the Germans. Vilna, whose status was unclear, was faced this with difficulty. The armed groups took control quickly and began a systematic program of violence against the city's Jewish population including razing, savage attacks, torture and killings. When calm was restored, the "wise men" of the community, including Shalit (then 34 years old), were called together to re-establish peace in people's minds.〔Abramowicz, Hirsz. ''Profiles of a Lost World: Memoirs of East European Jewish Life Before World War II.'' Wayne State University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-8143-2784-5.〕
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